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Many anglers who are new to fly fishing consider dry fly fishing the “traditional” way of catching trout. Well, that’s not entirely true. Wet fly fishing dates back hundreds of years, well before dry fly fishing came around.

Wet fly fishing is one of the best ways for anglers to get introduced to sub-surface fishing. Unlike nymph and dry fly fishing, where skill, practice and precise imitations are needed to effectively take trout consistently, wet fly fishing can provide rewards quickly – even to beginner anglers. Unlike dry fly fishing and nymph fly fishing – when using wet flies, the angler is not attempting to precisely imitate any particular insect.

Wet Fly Fishing : Basic Overview

Instead of looking precisely like a particular type of insect, a wet fly is more an imitation of a stage of life of aquatic insects. Many wet flies imitate a struggling nymph as it attempts to reach the surface of the river. These same wet flies also suitably imitate dead or drowning insects. Either way, one thing about wet flies is that they generally imitate aquatic insects in motion (moving to the surface, drowning in the water, etc…) – not just floating merrily along in the current, completely helpless (although that is done, too!).

Unlike dry fly or nymph fly fishing, wet fly fishing can also be very rewarding to beginner anglers. Perfect, or even good technique, is not needed for new anglers to hook some nice fish. And the reason for this is because of the way most wet fly fishing is done – neither requiring perfect casts nor split-timing when setting the hook.

When fly fishing with wet flies, anglers frequently will use 2 or more flies together. By using two or more flies together in a dropper setup (described later), an angler can improve their chances of finding biting trout.

So, let’s take a close look at how wet fly fishing works, what is used and why any angler should give it a try – even on those rivers that are normally the dry fly fisherman’s playground.

There are many different types of flies available for wet fly fishing. Normally, most wet flies have soft hackling.

The reason for this is because this type of hackling has fibers in it that move around in the water – sort of inviting the trout to take it in.

Additionally, unlike most nymphs, wet flies are designed to sink rather quickly, since wet fly fishing is generally done closer to the bottom of the river. For this reason, many wet flies tend to be a bit heavier and are tied in a wide variety of ways. Each way designed to sink the fly in a particular manner than the typical nymph.

Frequently, wet flies tend to be fished in areas that have fast moving water. Because of this, many anglers fly fish wet flies using a sinking tip line. While using a sink-tip fly line can definitely aid the fly in getting down to the right depth, an angler who only has a floating fly line should not despair. Generally, simply using weights on the leader or the fly line can do an adequate job of pulling down a wet fly to the right depth.

Wet Fly Fishing : Dropper Flies

As mentioned, wet flies are frequently fished in groups of flies – not just a single fly by itself. When a second, or third, fly is used, it is called a “dropper fly”. A dropper fly, which is a very effective and rather ancient method of wet fly fishing, is a fly that is tied to the main leader.

When rigging up your fly fishing gear using a dropper fly, simply attach the first fly onto the end of the tippet as you normally would. Then, for the second fly, take a 12 inch of tippet material and tie it to the leader about 12-24 inches above the first fly. Attach the second fly to the end of that line. You now have a dropper fly set up.

Additional flies can also be attached – you are in no way limited to just using 1 or 2 flies. However, the more flies you have, the greater the likelihood of tangles occurring – both when casting and in hooking underwater obstructions. For beginner anglers, it is probably best to start with one fly, then go to two flies when comfortable with basic casting and wet fly fishing technique.

Either way, one nice thing about a dropper fly is that it allows anglers to test out flies at the same time. Thus, you can tie on one type as normal, then tie on a completely different looking wet fly as a dropper fly. It’s a great way to quickly experiment around to see what works and what doesn’t on a particular river (especially a new one you’ve never fished before). you may even be rewarded with having two or more fish hooked simultaneously.

About The Author

Brett Fogle is the publisher of Fly Fishing Secrets, an insiders guide to flyfishing tips and techniques of the pros. To sign up for free flyfishing tips and other articles, please visit www.fly-fishing-secrets.com.

brett@macarthurwatergardens.com

Do you choose canned food or dry food? What brand? There are so many different brands, all shapes and sizes of pet food to choose from and pet owners are provided with very little information to base your decisions on (other than advertising) – it can get so confusing! Well, buckle your seatbelt depending on how much you know of the pet food industry, this could be a bumpy ride! You are about to learn seven secrets – well kept secrets – of pet food. Sit back, brace yourself, and keep reading.

Beneful says it’s ‘Premium Dog Food for a Happy, Healthy Dog’ and sells for around $18.00 for a 31 lb. bag, Science Diet “promises” ‘precisely balanced nutrition through continuous research and the highest quality food backed by your Vets endorsement’ and sells for around $21.00 for only a 20 lb bag. Then there are numerous pet foods that make the very same statements – ‘Premium Dog Food, Highest Quality’ – that sell for $30.00 or more for a 20 lb bag. And the same holds true for cat owners…Do you choose Whiskas that states ‘Everything we do is about making cats happy!’ or do you choose one of those high end cat foods that make the very same claim of a happy, healthy cat but cost 3 times as much?

Now with the on-going pet food recall pet owners have questions such as ‘Has this food been recalled?’ or ‘Is this food the next one to be recalled?’…’Is my pet safe?’ Wow this is confusing! And scary too! What exactly is a pet owner to do? How about learning a few secrets! Equipped with the knowledge of a few secrets of pet food, it’s not nearly as confusing.

Secret #1…

All pet foods use descriptive words like choice and premium, though few of them actually use premium or choice ingredients in their food. The ’secret’ is that per the rules of the pet food industry, no pet food can make any claims or references on their label or advertising as to the quality or grade of ingredients. You see, the word ‘premium’ when it’s related to pet food DOES NOT mean that the ingredients in the food are premium. With pet foods, premium does not (can not) describe the food nor does it (can it) describe the quality of the food. It is a marketing term and that is all. Per the pet food industries own rules and regulations, “There are no references to ingredient quality or grade” (regulation PF5 d 3). So, words like premium, or choice, or quality are just marketing or sales terms. They should not be interpreted as terms describing the quality of the food.

Now why wouldn’t a pet food label be allowed to tell a prospective customer the quality of their ingredients? Doesn’t a pet owner deserve to know what they are buying? This leads me to the next secret…

Secret#2…

If I can compare ‘people’ food to pet food for just a second, we all know there are different qualities of people food. There is White Castle (I’m guilty here, I love the little guys!) and there is Outback Steak House (another favorite). Both restaurants serve meat and potatoes. At White Castle for under $3.00 you can get a couple of hamburgers and an order of fries. While at Outback you can get a steak and baked potato for around $16.00. Both serve beef and potato – yet you already realize that there are huge nutritional differences between a fast food hamburger and a steak…right?

The problem in the pet food industry – is that most pet owners don’t think in the same terms when it comes to pet food. They don’t think in terms that there are fast food types of pet foods and there are sit down restaurant more nutritious types of pet foods. In fact, several years ago a young man tried this very experiment with his own diet – eating nothing but fast food for 30 days. In just one month of eating fast food three meals a day, he gained a great deal of weight, blood pressure and cholesterol levels sky-rocketed. Now, imagine your pet eating this type of food its’ entire lifetime.

OK, so back to our two meals…if a chemical analysis of your meal at White Castle was compared to a chemical analysis of your meal at Outback – both would analyze with a percentage of protein, carbohydrates, and fat. Regardless whether you consider a steak at Outback a higher quality of protein than the burger – it would still analyze as protein. The analysis doesn’t measure quality of protein.

So here is the secret…All pet foods come with a Guaranteed Analysis stating the percentage of protein, fat, fiber and moisture in the food. The REAL secret lies in the quality of the percentages of protein, fat, and so on.

In a chemical analysis of a pet food – chicken feet would analyze as protein, although granted it provides very little nutrition. And as well, a cow that was euthanized (put to sleep) because of a disease that made it unfit for human consumption – would analyze as protein although that could be considered dangerous for consumption. Both of those things – chicken feet and a euthanized cow – are allowable ingredients and commonly used in pet food. You see the secret within the pet food industry is manufacturers have a WIDE OPEN door to where they obtain their ingredients. The only strict rule they must follow is an adult dog food must analyze with 18% protein and an adult cat food must analyze with 26% protein. Sources to acquire those particular percentages range from a ‘human grade’ meat, to chicken feet, to euthanized animals, to grain proteins, to even man made chemical proteins and many variations in between.

Pet food labels do not have to tell – are not allowed to tell – the sources they use to obtain that required 18% or 26% protein. And to make matters worse…quality minded pet food manufacturers – the companies that use 100% human grade ingredients – are not allowed to tell customers or potential customers that their products are quality, human grade ingredients.

So how can you know if your pet’s food uses chicken feet or euthanized cows or if it contains human grade ingredients?

Secret #3…

If the words premium and choice mean basically nothing with regards to the quality of pet food, and if some pet foods use chicken feet and euthanized animals in their food – how can a pet owner know what they are getting in their pets’ food?

This big secret is found in ingredient definitions. Unlike ‘people’ food where you can pretty much look at the food to determine the quality, pet food is far different. All ‘people’ food must meet particular USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) and FDA (Food and Drug Administration) guidelines. The same is not true for pet food. Chicken feet and euthanized cows are NOT allowed in people food for obvious reasons – they have no nutritional value or they could be dangerous to consume. The same is NOT true for pet food. The only way to know if those chicken feet or euthanized cows are in your pet’s food is to know what ingredients they can be used in.

The common pet food ingredient ‘Meat and Bone Meal’ is basically a combination of many different discarded left-overs from the human food industry. Components of ‘meat and bone meal’ can be anything from cow heads, stomachs, and intestines, to (horrifying but true) euthanized animals including cows, horses and dogs and cats from veterinarian offices, animal shelters, and farms. And along with those euthanized animals the pet food also contains the drug pentabarbitol that was used to euthanize the animal. ‘Meat and bone meal’ can also contain left-over restaurant grease, and diseased (including cancerous) meat tissues cut away from slaughtered animals. In other words, this commonly used ingredient is a mix of highly inferior and potentially dangerous left-overs from the human food industry.

The pet food ingredient ‘Meat By-Product’ or ‘Meat By-Product Meal’ is pretty much the same thing as ‘meat and bone meal’. It is a highly inferior pet food ingredient containing literally who-knows-what.

Another similar ingredient to the above is ‘Animal Digest’.

As to the chicken feet I mentioned earlier – this item can be found in the ingredients ‘Chicken By-Product’ or ‘Poultry By-Product’ or ‘Chicken By-Product Meal’ or ‘Poultry By-Product Meal’. Any left-overs in the chicken or poultry division – including but not limited to chicken feet, skin including some feathers, chicken or poultry heads, and intestines are found in these ingredients. It does NOT matter as to the health of the bird – sick, healthy, dead, dying…all is included in these ingredients.

So here is what you need to do…BEFORE you purchase any pet food, flip the bag over and closely examine the list of ingredients. The above mentioned ingredients would be listed within the first five or ten ingredients. If you see ANY of those ingredients – it is my suggestion to NOT purchase that food. Remember – chicken feet and euthanized animals do analyze as protein. That is all that is required in pet food – just the correct analysis.

Another little trick some pet food manufacturers use in this category is using grains and chemical additives to grain products to boost the protein percentages. Which is exactly the cause of the pet food recall that began in March 2007 – chemical proteins. Two different chemical additives – that have NO nutritional value to pets, but that analyzed as protein – were added to a grain product (wheat gluten, corn gluten, or rice gluten) solely to provide a cheap protein. Thousands of pets died and countless others became ill because no one counted on the problem of the combination of these two chemicals would cause kidney and urinary blockage. Again, their secret is the product has to analyze as having a particular amount of protein – no one is required to provide a quality meat protein.

While you are looking at the ingredient listing – you should also take note of how many grains (corn, wheat, rice) and/or how many grain products (corn gluten, whole corn, ground corn, whole wheat, ground wheat, wheat gluten, rice, brown rice, brewers rice, soy, and on and on) are listed within the first five or so ingredients. If you find more than one grain listed in the first five ingredients – that is telling you this pet food is acquiring some of its protein from grains.

Why is protein obtained from grains important for you to know? Several reasons – first off science proves that cats and dogs alike require and thrive on a meat protein. If a pet food is obtaining protein from grain sources, the pet is not getting the meat that it needs to thrive. Second, if the grain products are a corn gluten, wheat gluten, or rice gluten you take the risk of chemicals such as melamime added to it used strictly to boost the protein analysis. By the way, melamime is one of the chemicals found to be the cause of the March 2007 pet food recall. And there is one more concern with grains – aflatoxin. Aflatoxin is a deadly mold that is common to corn, wheat, and soy and it’s responsible for several other pet food recalls you probably never heard about. In December 2005, Diamond Pet Food contained moldy grains that killed over 100 pets before the product was recalled – all due to aflatoxin.

It is my recommendation to avoid any pet food that contains corn, wheat, or soy in ANY variation. The risk is simply too high.

Secret #4…

I’ve got more suggestions for you to look for in the ingredient listings…chemical preservatives. A very well kept secret of the pet food industry is their common use of chemical preservatives. BHA/BHT are very popular chemical preservatives used in pet food and science has linked them to tumors and cancer. Another common preservative is ethoxyquin which has known risks to cancer. Ethoxyquin is ONLY allowed in human food in some spices because of the very tiny proportions. However it is allowed in much higher proportions in pet food.

If you scan the ingredient listings, you will be looking for BHA/BHT and ethoxyquin listed anywhere. Commonly BHA/BHT is used to preserve the fat in the food which usually is found higher on the list. And also look for any of these chemicals towards the end of the ingredient listing. Personally, I wouldn’t touch a pet food that contained these chemical preservatives. You want a pet food that is preserved naturally – common natural preservatives are ‘natural mixed tocopherols’ or ‘vitamin E’.

Secret #5…

The very best food to provide to your pet is a well made food using human grade ingredients. That should be simple enough…How do you find that? You already know that pet food manufacturers are NOT allowed to make any statement as to quality or grade of ingredients, the only way you can find out the grade or quality of your pets’ food is to call the manufacturer and ask them.

Now, let’s say you call the ABC pet food company and ask the question “Is your Premium dog food and Premium cat food made using human grade ingredients?” It could be that you get the response yes, we use human grade ingredients – when actually only a couple of ingredients are human grade. Here’s the trick to asking…ask them if they are APHIS European certified.

Pet food manufacturers that are APHIS European certified assures you that ALL ingredients in their pet food are human grade. APHIS – Animal Plant Health Inspection Services – is a division of the USDA. APHIS European certification provides this pet food manufacturer with the opportunity to ship their foods/treats to Europe. When importing pet foods from the US, European countries demand that all ingredients are human grade and thus require this certification. Most pet food manufacturers that have APHIS European certification do not ship their products to Europe – they simply use this as a means to assure their customers to the higher quality of their ingredients.

Again, you WON’T see this listed on the label – it’s not allowed. You must call the manufacturer and ask. Often times the representative of the pet food won’t even know what you are talking about when you ask about APHIS certification – if that’s the case, you can assume they are not APHIS European certified. APHIS European certification is a bonus to pet owners – it is not required or even suggested that any pet food manufacturer go through the extra steps to obtain this. This is a special effort some pet foods go through to tell their customers they REALLY CARE about the quality of their products. Personally, I would NOT buy a pet food that doesn’t have it.

And by the way, if you can’t reach the pet food manufacturer, or they do not return your call within a short time frame, lose their number! Any company that does not place a priority on answering customers questions – doesn’t deserve your business!

Secret #6…

Minerals are a required ingredient in human diets as well as diets for our pets. Copper, Iron and Zinc are common minerals found in pet foods. Just as they are – copper, iron, and zinc are basically rocks, very difficult for anyone or any pet to utilize. Science has developed several ways to introduce minerals into the body (human and pet) for better absorption thus benefiting the individual far more. This scientific development is called chelating or proteinating and it’s been around for years. Through the chelating or proteinating process minerals are absorbed about 60% better than just the minerals alone.

This secret is spotting the minerals in your pet food to see if they are chelated or proteinated. Notice the minerals on your pet food label, way down on the list of ingredients. You are looking for minerals that read ‘copper proteinate’ or ‘chelated copper’. If you see just the mineral listed, your pet is sort of like Charlie Brown at Halloween saying ‘I got a rock’. If you want your pet to have the best, chelated or proteinated minerals are part of the best foods!

Secret #7…

This secret is called ‘friendly bacteria’. Although ‘friendly bacteria’ sounds a little scary, the reason for it lies in your pets’ intestinal system. A large portion of your pets’ immune system is found within the intestinal system. Keeping the immune system healthy helps to keep the animal itself healthy. This friendly bacteria is similar to what’s found in yogurt, however in pet food it is introduced in a fashion so that the cooking process doesn’t destroy it. Looking at the fine print on your pet food label, this time you are looking for lengthy, scientific words like Lactobacillus Acidophilus or Bifidobacterium Thermophilum. If you do NOT see these words or some very similar, that pet food is not addressing the care of your pets’ immune system. And again, if you want your pet to have the best, you want ‘friendly bacteria’ in their food.

There are your seven very secrets to help you find the absolute healthiest and best pet food for your four-legged friend. Armed with those secrets – you now have the knowledge to find your pet the best food possible! A pet food that can extend their life and prevent early aging and disease. If you don’t want to bother doing the homework involved, I urge you to subscribe to my monthly magazine Petsumer Report(TM). Through Petsumer Report(TM) I’ve done all the homework for you – each month I review and rate over 40 different pet foods, treats, toys, and various other pet supplies. It’s the ONLY publication of its’ kind providing pet owners with the information they need to know regarding their pet product purchases.

I want to share just a couple more things…

It’s best to feed an adult dog or adult cat two meals a day. The nutrition they consume with two meals is better utilized than with just one meal a day. If you are currently feeding your pet one meal a day, split that same amount into two meals and feed in the AM and PM.

You should know that all canned or moist pet foods are anywhere between 70% to 85% moisture. This means that 70% to 85% of that can or pouch of food is useless nutrition – its water. Granted our pets need water, cats especially tend not to drink enough water. But since all canned or moist foods are mostly water, they do not provide adequate nutrition to be fed strictly a canned or moist diet. Use a canned or moist product to supplement your pet’s diet – not as the only food.

The best pet foods are preserved naturally (secret #4) – but there is a concern with naturally preserved pet foods…freshness. Take notice of the expiration date on your pets food label – typically with naturally preserved dry pet foods (not as much of a concern with soft foods because of canning – very little need of preservatives) the expiration date is one year to 18 months from the date it was manufactured. Let’s say the pet food you are considering to purchase on July 1, 2007 has a ‘Best if Used by’ date of January 1, 2008. This would tell you that this particular bag of pet food is already 6 months old. While it is still ‘good’ a fresher food – a bag that is only 2 or 3 months old – is better. Naturally preserved pet foods lose nutritional potency with time. Always try to find a very fresh bag.

If you are considering changing your pets food, ALWAYS consult with your Veterinarian first. You should always keep your veterinarian advised of any changes you make with your pet. Don’t take chances. And if you do switch pet food, make the change over very slowly. I always recommend to pet owners ¼ new food to ¾ old food for 4 to 7 days, ½ to ½ for another 4 to 7 days, and so on. Switching food quickly can cause intestinal disorder! Its short term, but we don’t want intestinal disorder!!!

One last thing, as you are already aware dogs and cats have a far better sense of smell than humans. Their food bowl can be a wealth of smells – both good and bad. Some times a pet will refuse to eat simply because he or she smells a previous food in their bowl. Plastic food and water bowls retain odors the worst. And surprisingly so does stainless steel bowls. The best type of food and water bowl is a ceramic one. They retain odors the least.

“Animals are such agreeable friends – they ask no questions, they pass no criticisms.” George Eliot.

I completely agree!

Susan Thixton has worked in the pet industry for over 20 years helping thousands of pet owners to enjoy their pets. She’s produced an internationally distributed dog training video, authored the tell all book Truth About Pet Food, and recently has begun publication of a one-of-a-kind pet owning consumer report Petsumer Report. For more information please visit http://www.TruthAboutPetFood.com
Susan Thixton
Pet Behavior and Nutrition Consultant
Truth About Pet Food
Petsumer Report™
http://www.TruthAboutPetFood.com

Choosing a child care center is one of the most important decisions that a working parent will make to help ensure the health, safety, and overall well being of their child while they must be away from them. Thousands of children are treated in emergency rooms for injuries sustained at child care centers or childcare homes each year in addition to those instances of abuse or neglect. Sadly, some of those children will lose their lives.

There are precautions that can be taken t help ensure that a child will be properly cared for while a parent is at work. The first question a parent should ask is whether the childcare center or childcare home has an open door policy. If the answer is no, that provider should not be selected. Next, a parent should ask the potential provider whether they have been licensed by the state’s childcare licensing department to operate a childcare center or home and whether the certification is current.

Check to see that staff has been trained on blood borne pathogens. With diseases like AIDS, Hepatitis B, etc., and anti-biotic resistant strains of various infections, make sure childcare staff always wear plastic gloves when changing diapers and administering first aid, and that gloves and diapers are disposed of in a separate trash container labeled bodily fluids’. All trash cans should have plastic bags inside and locking lids. All trash should be taken out at the end of every day.

Parents should not be afraid to ask to see the license and most recent inspection date. Find out how many infants, toddlers, and older children they are licensed for and how many children are currently being cared for. Make sure staff has had a background check by the local police department and the state investigative agency. Health and Human Service agencies and local police departments will usually submit a request for a background check on a parent’s behalf for a nominal fee.

Parents should also find out if childcare staff has been trained on child abuse and neglect and the state reporting requirements for suspected child abuse. With an increasing number of incidents of domestic violence and kidnapping by non-custodial parents and other caregivers, parents should find out if doors are kept locked during the hours the center is open for operation and how the childcare provider ascertains that only approved persons are picking up a child and if they have a form that can be signed designating who can and cannot pick a child up?

Other training staff should have had is on positive discipline, nutrition, child development, how to prepare and store food, food allergies and food borne illnesses and the proper storage and handling of food, etc. Staff should be re-certification annually on administering infant CPR, other CPR, choking, and the care of infants, toddlers and pre-school age children by the local American Red Cross, hospital, or other person or agency that have staff certified to be trainers. Make sure there is enough staff to care for the number of children in the center or private childcare home.

Take a walk through the childcare center or childcare home, including outdoor play areas, and the kitchen where food is prepared. Make sure cleaning supplies and other hazardous materials are stored in containers with tight fitting lids and that spray bottles are turned off and everything placed in a locked cabinet well out the reach of children, and that surfaces are clean. Many accidents in childcare centers occur when children accidentally come into contact with toxic materials because someone forgot to properly store cleaning supplies or failed to return them to a locked cabinet.

To ensure their child’s safety parents should make sure that tables are wiped down with warm soapy water after meals and that other cleaning materials that may be more toxic are only used to wipe down tables, cupboards, and bathrooms after the child care center or home is closed for the day and is followed up with a secondary wipe down with just hot water. Also look around and make sure electrical outlets that have safety covers in place to keep children from sticking things into the sockets and getting shocked.

Outdoor play areas should contain equipment that is of a proper height for younger children to minimize the danger of getting injured by a fall. Check to see that there is ample room between pieces of equipment, that the play area is completely enclosed with a locking gate and that there are no splinters, jagged wires, etc. children could get hurt on.

Find out if staff goes outside with the children to supervise and oversee their safety and wellbeing. If possible outdoor play areas should have a thick covering of wood chips or soft rubber matting under equipment to soften a fall. (The wood chips or rubber matting is helpful but not required as they can be an expensive purchase, especially for a private childcare home). Large childcare centers should keep playground equipment and things like trikes that are used by older children separated from equipment for children under five.

A fire and evacuation contingency plan, a floor plan and emergency contact numbers should be posted on a wall or a bulletin board where the can be easily seen if needed. Depending on the area of the country a parent lives in, providers should have a plan for tornadoes, floods, hurricanes, and other natural disasters. Ask staff if children are talked to about what to do if there is a fire on-site and if fire drills are scheduled regularly.

How a childcare provider stores medication is also important for the health of all children. Parents need to ask the provider how they store medication that has to be kept cold, if there is a first aid kit that includes ipecac, and if medication is kept in a locked cabinet or box and stored out of the reach of children. Ask to see the dates on first aid supplies and where the medication is stored.

In order to assure there will not be any risk from medications children have been prescribed, parents should try and schedule their child’s medicine to be administered at home. Of course, if a child has a medical condition like diabetes or asthma, this will not be possible. Make sure the childcare provider stores each child’s medication in a separate zip loc bag with the child’s name on the bag as an extra precaution. Parents should also look to see if a provider posts any allergies a child may have to a medication, food, etc. where other parents cannot see the names of the children while making sure that staff have easy access to the list.

With the increase in unsafe toys and in light of the recent recalls of hundreds of toys made overseas because of lead paint, choking hazards, etc. a parent should ask the childcare provider if they have a current and updated list of recalled products as a visible reminder to not purchase potentially dangerous children’s toys and other products, including infant formula. If the provider does not have a list, parents can ask them to get one as a list can be downloaded and printed off the internet.

Safety gates should be placed tightly in front of stairs, kitchen and laundry doorways, basements, porches, utility areas, or other places that are open. Ensure that basement doors have safety locks that are high enough children cannot reach them and that there are child safety locks on cupboards, refrigerators, oven doors and microwaves. Check to make sure cords are not looped, so there is no potential for hanging.

For infants, childcare providers should have cribs with a certification safety seal, slats should be no more than two and three eighths inches apart and mattresses should fit snugly. Ask providers how infants are placed in a crib to sleep, making sure they are put down on their backs without pillows or comforters.

Once a childcare center or home has been selected and a child is in attendance, parents need to be sensitive to any changes in their child’s behavior. If the child develops a fear of the provider, a staff person, or going to the childcare center parents should follow up by asking heir child questions and by scheduling a meeting with the center or home operator to discuss any concerns. If a child continues to exhibit fear, cries or screams and clings to their parent or other caregiver, parents might want to consider finding another childcare home or center.

Parents can never do too much to make sure that their child, or the child of a friend or relative, will be cared for in a healthy and safe childcare environment. These guidelines will help in selecting the best provider and help a parent be less stressed at work. A checklist could be made to help with inspecting the childcare setting a child will exposed to.

As an early childhood education consultant I have, at times, had to inspect a childcare center or private childcare home. The guidelines set down in this article are things that I have looked at and received training for. When choosing a childcare provider a parent can never be too careful.

copyright 2009 by Jerrie DeRose

Jerrie DeRose – Early Childhood Education Consultant

A wealth of information exists that explains the relationships between school subjects and careers. Across the nation, children, teens, teachers, and counselors use Career Interests Areas or Clusters to explore careers and to make school study plans. There are sixteen (16) Interests Areas or Clusters:

1. Agriculture, Food, & Natural Resources
2. Architecture & Construction
3. Arts, A/V Technology & Communication
4. Business, Management & Administration
5. Education & Training
6. Finance
7. Government & Public Administration
8. Health Science
9. Hospitality & Tourism
10. Human Services
11. Information Technology
12. Law, Public Safety & Security
13. Manufacturing
14. Marketing, Sales & Service
15. Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics
16. Transportation, Distribution & Logistics

States and federal agencies across the nation have created career cluster web sites and resources. We have reviewed three (3) of the best state or federal agency web sites.

Louisiana Integrated Skills Assessment (LISA)

One of the most unique comprehensive career cluster resources is the Louisiana Integrated Skills Assessment (LISA), an Internet program. LISA lets you explore career clusters, careers, abilities, training requirements, and more. Using the Lisa, you can do the following tasks:

• Assessment: Explore career options using the Work Importance Locator.
• I Enjoy: Find careers based upon the things that you enjoy.
• Cluster: Find careers from Career Cluster Groups.
• Search: Search for jobs based on knowledge, skills, and abilities.
• Best Match: Use your current job to find knowledge, skills, and abilities to identify a new career.
• Compare: Compare current job to potential new job.
• Profile: Use this feature to create a profile from a selected career.

There are 3 steps in the LISA program. In Step 1, when you choose a career cluster, you will read the description of the cluster. When you select a career cluster in Step 2, you can select a career group. In each career group, you will see a lot of different careers. Finally, in Step 3, you see additional occupational information, such as:

• Job descriptions
• Educational and training requirements
• Crosswalks, for example ONET, DOT, GOE, and other codes
• Abilities
• Knowledge
• Skills
• Tasks
• Work Values
• Labor Market Information

There is detailed information in each job profile:

• Description
• Crosswalk
• Abilities
• Knowledge
• Skills
• Tasks
• Work Values
• Occupational Characteristics Narrative

The Louisiana Integrated Skills Assessment (LISA) is an excellent tool for students to do career cluster exploration.

NCE Career Clusters and State Career Clusters Initiative Resources

The NCE Career Clusters has adapted information from the State Career Clusters Initiative to create a career education toolkit for teachers and counselors. In your NCE Career Clusters toolkit, you can find a Career Cluster Model, poster, resource booklets, At-a-Glance PDF Slices, and Plans of Study. Each resource is designed to facilitate the exploration of Career Clusters.

Career Cluster Resource Booklet

To prepare for a Career Clusters discussion, teachers and counselors use the State Career Clusters Initiative Career Cluster Resource Booklet. The brochures discuss the differences between career clusters and career pathways. The booklet outlines that career clusters are career groups from the same industry that have the same skills and educational requirements. Career pathways are specific careers that are within the each career cluster. The Resource Booklet discusses the following topics:

• Historical background information
• Cluster Knowledge and Skills
• Pathway Knowledge and Skills
• O*NET Crosswalk Report
• Validation Studies
• Assessment Protocol
• Certification Protocol

The booklet is a “must-read” resource that provides in depth information on each career cluster. Each booklet has detailed graphs, charts, and tables.

Career Cluster Model

To provide an overview of Career Clusters, teachers and counselors use the Career Cluster Model. The Career Cluster Model simplifies sixteen (16) Career Clusters model. The center of the NCE Career Clusters model focuses on six (6) major groups. The career clusters are color-coded so that you can easily present six (6) major groups in classroom activities. The six (6) major groups are:

1. Environmental and Agricultural Systems
2. Business, Marketing, and Management
3. Communication and Information Systems
4. Industrial, Manufacturing, Engineering Systems
5. Health Sciences
6. Human Services and Resources

Here is summary of the relationship between the sixteen (16) Career Clusters and the 6 Super Clusters.

1. Environmental and Agricultural Systems – Agriculture, Food, & Natural Resources (1)
2. Business, Marketing, and Management combines:

• Business, Management & Administration (4)
• Finance (6)
• Hospitality & Tourism (9)
• Marketing, Sales & Service (14)

• Arts, A/V Technology & Communication (3)
• Information Technology (11)

• Transportation, Distribution & Logistics (16)
• Architecture & Construction (2)
• Manufacturing (13)
• Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (15)

• Education & Training (5)
• Government & Public Administration (7)
• Human Services (10)
• Law, Public Safety & Security (12)

The sixteen (16) Career Clusters systematically fit within the six (6) major groups.

Career Cluster Brochure

Another excellent career cluster student aid is the Career Cluster Brochure. The brochure is filled with photographs that show people performing the different jobs. With this easy-to-read booklet, students get an overview of the different careers, career clusters, and career pathways. Students read about:

• What is a career cluster?
• What is a career pathway?
• What school subjects are important for a career in the … career cluster?
• What is the educational or training requirement for a career in the … career cluster?
• What are the necessary credentials for a career in the … career cluster?
• What is the employment outlook for a career in the … career cluster?
• What are some sample occupations?

Career Cluster Slices

Besides the Career Cluster Model and the Brochure, a third student Career Cluster aid is the NCE Career Cluster Slices. The NCE Career Cluster Slice identifies specific career opportunities found within each Career Pathways. Each Cluster Slice is illustrated and designed to explore areas, such as:

Cluster Description
• Pathway Description
• Cluster Knowledge & Skills
• Career Field
• Preparation for a Career in …
• Examples of Education and Training Postsecondary Programs of Study

Students discover that each pathways leads to post-secondary options including:

• Apprenticeships
• Certificates
• Licenses
• Associate’s Degree Programs
• Bachelor’s Degree Programs
• Master’s Degree Programs
• Doctoral Degree Programs
• Professional Degree Programs

Career Clusters Plan of Study

At the beginning of the students’ middle school years, the students use assessments identify career cluster interest areas. With the Career Clusters model, brochure, Slices, and LISA resources, the students have explored the different careers and post-secondary training options. Students, teachers, counselors, and parents then use the Career Clusters Plan of Study to strategically plan the students’ high school course work. The Career Clusters Plan of Study provides examples of English, Math, Science, Social Studies, electives, and extra-curricular activities for the following grade levels:

• 7th – 8th grade
• 9th – 10th grade
• 11th – 12th grade
• Advanced coursework for postsecondary credit

The NCE Career Clusters web page is the gateway to the student career cluster resources.

State Career Clusters Initiative, NCE, and Lisa materials are just examples of career cluster resources. Career clusters resources have established a connection between school subjects and careers.

Resources:

Explore Career Clusters, Texas Workforce Commission/Career Development Resources (TWC/CDR), US Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, and Louisiana Department of Labor

Nebraska Career Education, States’ Career Clusters Initiative, 2005, and NCTEF/NASDCTEc (National Association of State Directors of Career Technical Education Consortium) States’ Career Clusters Initiative, & National Association of State Directors of Career and Technical Education Consortium

State Career Clusters Initiative Washington, DC: National Association of State Directors of Career Technical Education Consortium, 2002

Dr Mary Askew specializes in career tests, websites, and books for students. Students need eye appealing, easy to use, yet comprehensive career resources. Find out how students can reach their career potentials at http://www.hollandcodes.com Contact Dr. Askew at learning4life@qwest.net

Every summer, thousands of American kids go to summer youth camps to enjoy not only time away from home, but to learn or experience new things. Summer youth camps have been part of American summers for generations and show no signs of slowing down any time soon. A summer youth camp offers a wealth of possible adventures or learning experiences for kids.

Summer camps can be religious based or adventure camps, swimming camps, horseback-riding camps, or wilderness camps. The sky’s the limit when it comes to the number of activities and duration of camps, and parents can choose from several day, to several week to month long stays.

Most camps offer openings to children seven to eighteen years of age, and depending on location and time of year, anything from cabins to tents to under-the-stars arrangements can be made. Some camps emphasize wilderness skills and camping while others are stable communities that offer swimming, crafts and other base-camp type recreation like tennis, soccer or other sports. Some camps focus on horseback riding or hiking and mountain climbing while others cater to indoor pursuits.

Summer camps offer kids of all ages the opportunity to meet new people, make new friends, and learn skills that they wouldn’t necessarily learn at home. Wilderness skills are a big part of most camps, but others teach different skills. Most summer camps offer a wide variety of activities for all age groups, and camp counselors oversee small groups of kids for each portion of their camp life experience. Most camps offer cabin dwelling in dorm-style quarters, with separate sections for boys and girls, who then come together for meals or group activities or games. Other camps cater to one gender or even focus on particular aspects of a summer camp experience, such as horseback riding or hiking pursuits.

Summer youth camps also offer a way for children of all ages and backgrounds to broaden their horizons and experience new situations, especially when children from different parts of the state or country come together under one roof. City children mingle with those raised in the country, which offers a unique way for each to appreciate different cultures and ways of living.

Most camps also teach children leaderships skills as well as learning how to get along with one another, in addition to learning positive skills in adapting to difficulties or problems. Religious based summer camps offer campers focused religious lessons while a wilderness adventure camps will enable campers to get out and enjoy the great outdoors to their heart’s content.

Camps can be expensive, but good deals are always to be had if you know where to look. If you’re thinking of finding a summer youth camp for your child, make sure you check things like child to adult ratio, camp counselor ratio, first aid facilities, and anything else you’re concerned about. Summer camps offer unlimited choices when it comes to keeping kids happy and entertained every summer, and memories of a good summer camp can last a lifetime.

Still looking for the perfect summer camp? Try visiting http://www.aboutcamps.com – a website that specializes in providing camp advice, tips and resources including information on summer youth camps.

Every parent wants to give the best products and conveniences to their children – no matter to which culture they belong or where they live. This is also the case for clothes. One wants to have ones kids wear the best possible clothes – they should look like a prince or a princess. And of course this desire is justified, but it does not necessarily have to cost a fortune

You can also save on clothing when you are shopping for your kids. To determine just how you can do that, we will analyze children’s needs in clothing and then provide detailed instructions on how you can get the best childrens’ clothing deals without sacrificing quality.

Because of the nature of children, one definitely should consider saving on clothing by looking for and making use of children’s clothing deals. This is because children grow up quickly; clothes bought today will last at most, a year or two. Children also are likely to get bored quickly with the clothes that they currently have -much faster then the average adult. This said, why buy pricey clothes for your child if they aren’t going to last long anyways?

On top of that, children often ruin their clothing while at play or running around the neighborhood. Hopefully you have been convinced that spending tons of money on your children’s clothing is not such a wonderful things, unless you have lots of money yourself. In a perfect world, you should buy clothes in bulk so that you can get volume discounts on large purchases.

No two stores will give the same discounts on bulk purchases. Check the newspapers an online wholesale clothing stores for special discounts at garment superstores and analyze their discount pitches and the stores to find the best prices. After much research, you’ll know which stores to go to for great deals on wholesale children’s clothing.

Next time you visit the store you need not worry about your child going to kids section and making demands. Rather you can take advantage of seasonal discounts prevalent on childrens clothing deals. Using these schemes you can buy clothes for your kids well in advance and avail hefty discounts. All you have to do is to decide what all clothes your child will be requiring in the present and the next season.

At children’s specialty clothing stores there is a huge variety available. This makes it possible to mix and match creating more outfits with fewer clothes, instead of focusing on a particular type of dress. Keep this in mind when looking for great children’s clothing deals.

You can save on clothing when you are shopping for your kids. To receive the best bargains on wholesale children’s clothing, peruse the papers and the internet looking for special discounts offered by clothing superstores and online wholesale clothing stores. Next time you visit the store you need not worry about your child going to kids section and making demands. Rather you can take advantage of seasonal discounts prevalent on children’s clothing deals.

One common mistake shoppers make when searching for deals in children’s clothing is to buy too many of the same item of clothing. Instead, take advantage of the huge selection available at specialty children’s clothing stores and add some variety by mixing and matching between different styles and brands.

You want your child to wear the best clothes, but you do not want to spend money unnecessarily. You can save on clothing when you are shopping for your kids. Next time you visit the store you need not worry about your child going to kids section and making demands. Rather you can take advantage of seasonal discounts prevalent on children’s clothing deals. Using these schemes you can buy clothes for your kids well in advance and take advantage of hefty discounts. To receive the best bargains on wholesale children’s clothing, peruse the papers looking for special discounts offered by clothing superstores and look at the best internet wholesale clothing websites.

Wholesale children’s wear – Ice Canada Inc. supplies wholesale clothing of all major brand names and designer urban wear. Howard Brule does article marketing [http://www.sbo-linknet.com] that rocks.

Do you have dreams of being able to cook like a top chef and become a star in the kitchen? If you truly want to dazzle your friends and family, with your culinary accomplishments, then you are going to need a gourmet cook book. Cooking is an art, and those persons who are well versed in this art form find it to be a most pleasurable one.

Most persons tend to shy away from gourmet cooking, incorrectly assuming that it is solely the realm of highly trained, experienced chefs. This may have some measure of truth to it but, gourmet cook books have now swung the door of culinary art wide open for all to enter. Therefore, the average person, with no major culinary experience can recreate exotic, delectable dishes simply by following the instructions of a recipe.

Gourmet cookbooks have evolved over the years. Many gourmet chefs are now openly sharing their passion not just for food, but for life in general. You may find gourmet cookbooks where the author imparts snippets of history and culture, as it relates to ingredients used in the preparation of gourmet meals; satisfying our curiosity about the world wide world of food. The books have the uncanny ability to stimulate our palates and take us to unfamiliar exotic regions, just through the food connection.

Most people have doubts about successfully using cookbooks, persons may wonder if a it will help them to really prepare meals of gourmet-standard at home. They can, and have been doing so for a long time. Attendance at a gourmet school is no longer a requirement for preparing gourmet meals. Try a few recipes incorporate them into your meal preparation time to spice up the fare at your dinner table. It is easier than you think, and it is entirely doable.

It is rather easy for some cookbooks to come across as being intimidating, but this is mostly because the dishes included within the cookbooks are largely unfamiliar to the non-gourmet chef. There are many books that are basically filled with ‘designer’ recipes that just are not practical for real people wanting to create real meals. Fortunately, the fact is, not all of them are created equal. There are books available which are simple, easy to use and will have you cooking up a ‘gourmet’ storm in not time; making you the envy of your ‘blown away’ friends and family members.

Incidentally, here is the link to a great gourmet cookbook, which I would personally recommend. It is unbelievable the number of delicious, gourmet meals that you will be able to create from the information in this cookbook. Just imagine the culinary artist that you can become by having access to a gourmet cookbook that does what it should: which is, to provide inspiring and delicious recipes that actually work. Having a cookbook like that is truly a gem. Go ahead, give it a try.

And remember, every gourmet cookbook tells a story! The world really can be brought to you on a platter. Bon Appétit!

Simply click on the image below to get started on your way to cooking like a chef from home!

So if you are looking for that perfect recipe or wanting to advance your culinary skills simply visit [http://cookbooks101.net] & start your journey to creating restaurant style dishes.

The superstar athlete who has received every award, all the praise from fans and admirers and hangers-on now has to live up to all of the hype and produce at the college level. Many great high school players sometimes do not make the transition to college superstar status. In high school, many of these superstar athletes were the best on their teams, they showed great athletic ability, superior athletic skills and, at game time, no one could compete with them.

These athletes stood alone; they were unmatched because there was no competition for them to worry about. As these athletes compete, they gain confidence knowing that they are the best in their city and in their community. They shine head and shoulders above everyone who plays their sport. The transition to college, in their minds, will be easy because they have had it easy their entire athletic career while in high school.

These days, athletes receive so much coverage from so many places; magazines, website message boards, they are written about on blogs and talked about on TV as though they were the greatest athlete to have ever played. This type of hype can be dangerous when dealing with teenagers who have no life experience and may not be able to handle the pressure.

All of their athletic lives, they felt no pressure and they’ve dealt with very little adversity because, as a superior athlete, everything is given to you–everything in the sport world is easy. The transition to college can be difficult for many student athletes who have never lived away from home or dealt with the adversity because once you are at a college athletic program, all the players are good, all the players were also the best at their respective schools therefore, the competition is greater than many of these athletes has ever had to deal with–ever.

For every Lebron James who was a superstar basketball player, there are millions more who wish to be like a Lebron James but fail to achieve any level of success. All over the country, student athletes from all sports believe in their minds that they too will be a success at the college level; they believe college athletics will come easy to them just like it did in high school. Ego plays a large part in athletic failure.

When you are successful in your sport and everyone is telling you how good you are all the time, you develop a huge ego. You feel that you can do no wrong and success is given to you because of your tremendous talent for athletics. Why is the pressure to succeed in college so great? The answer is over-exposure of high school athletes. There is more media coverage of athletes than there has ever been in the history of sports.

Athletes are given rating points, they’re given ranking on their athletic abilities and skills, their college programs of interest are listed everywhere and are discussed on message boards websites and blogs. The coverage of these high school athletes is so over the top, they are treated like they are a lottery tickets that some college programs try to cash in.

The pressure on a teenager is ridiculous. Many of the fans of the game fail to realize that these are teenagers and, as fans, treat them as though they are professional athletes. Having to live up to high expectations placed on student athletes from fans who enjoy sports must be incredible to deal with for some athletes. High school sports, college sports, and professional sports is all about having the best players and winning.

If you were very good in high school, chances are that you may be a success at the college level and, there is a possibility that you may reach the professional level. But what happens if you never achieve college success? Then your name is forgotten faster than you can imagine. I often wondered how the fascination with high school athletes who play sports, reach this level of over-hypeness and overwhelming exposure? I think the answer is way back in the day when there was no coverage of prep athletes. Sure, their names appeared in the papers and maybe something was said about them on TV but that was it. Much of the information about high school players 40 to 50 years ago was passed around via word-of-mouth.

From game to game the fans would talk about their favorite high school player and this created buzz in the high school athletic community. At your school, you were the “big man on campus” so to speak; everyone knew your name, new what you did in the last game and that started a conversation about players at your school versus players at other schools.

The conversation about which players in high school were better became a fascination of fans that enjoyed high school sports. Back in those days, there were not a lot of print publications dedicated solely to prepl sports. As the fascination of sports grew, various publications started to cover these athletes because of the success many of them were having in high school and college. As there was more involvement in sports from our young men and women, there came a greater need to know who these athletes were and who was better.

The fans wanted to know where they were going to college and the hype of student athletes grew into what it is today. For many athletes, were viewed as their ticket to college success. A college scholarship carries the status of successful athlete. Keep in mind, every athlete who plays a sport in college does not receive a scholarship. The pressure to get an athletic scholarship for some is huge because if you receive a full college scholarship to a major university you’re viewed as a success. If you fail to receive a college scholarship, in some communities, you were viewed as a failure.

Therefore, the pressure to succeed in high school is greater because of the expectations placed on these athletes from the hype machine that covers the high school athletes. Parents have been known to place unnecessary amounts of pressure on their kids who happen to possess superior athletic abilities and parents understand the importance of receiving a full athletic scholarship. Many parents will invest thousands of dollars into their child’s athletic future if they believe they have athletic talent to reach the college level.

Parents understanding the value of a college scholarship and will put their hard-earned dollars into their kids looking for a return on their investment.

The investment is years of summer camps, specialized training camps, personal coaching, equipment, supplies, travel–all of this is a huge investment for many parents and these same parents are looking for a huge return on the money spent. Most investing parents feels that they were somehow cheated by high school coaches whose job it is to coach their sons and daughters to become better athletes so they can reach a college level and, when that is not achieved, these parents are very upset and angry.

High school athletes: just that name alone carries added responsibilities and pressure. When those expectations fall short at the college level, the added responsibilities of these athletes are quickly forgotten. These high school athletes when entering college athletics, I believe, are somewhat unaware of the vast level of talent at the college level. Many student athletes believe that high school success can translate into their college success. The commitment that is placed upon studentl athletes who enter into major college athletics is huge. In high school, you went to class every day, you practiced after school and you went home and when the season was over, that was it-the season was over and you moved on to something else.

At the college level when the season ends, it’s really not over.

There are still training sessions, workout sessions, weight-lifting, studying, etc. The demands on a college athlete are enormous and there is very little free time with all the requirements and commitments that a college athlete must keep. Many college programs are practicing 20 hours a week, which is equivalent to the college athletes having a part-time job but, these athletes are not paid. During the college season, the pressures of a high school athlete who enters college can be daunting.

There is a pressure to prove that you belong in college and as an incoming high school superstar freshman, the expectations for them to perform can be overwhelming for some. Keep in mind, even at the college level these are still young people who are still learning their way in the world and may not be able to deal with certain things. We all remember their names once they become a success in college but we forget their names if they fail to reach any level of success.

Oftentimes, athletes will experience burnout. This is brought on because they were unable to live up to the high expectations placed on them by so many people. High school athletes and the college athletes who did not reach a high level of success will quit the game because of the enormous pressure placed on them their entire athletic lives.

It is not easy to be a superstar at the high school level. Any student athlete with some level of talent will, of course, want to compete at the Division I college level; anything less means they’re not that good anyway and this is the mindset of most athletes who have reached some level of success. The mindset of some high school athletes is, “If I can’t play D-I ball, I don’t want to play at all!”

Just imagine an athlete who has the size, the ability and talent but ends up being under-recruited by college programs; just think of the embarrassment that athlete feels or how that athlete’s parents, who have invested thousands of dollars, feel when that athlete does not reach the Division I level. Many college athletes will find it easier to quit and give the excuse of burnout than to play college athletics in a lower level college program. The road to big-time college athletics is littered with athletes who’ve never reached any level of success.

Woods Recruiting: specializing in helping high school student athletes get recruited for college.

Advanced programmers know a secret. The secret that they know relates to how a PHP program is constructed.

Here is the secret:

“Complex programs are built up from simple programs. If you can learn how to create a simple program, you can learn how to build a complex program, no matter how complicated.”

A program can be constructed of only a few lines. They always start the same way. Start with the PHP start tag, followed by your programming code, and last by the PHP end tag.

Example 1:</p> <p>Line 1: <php line your program goes here></php>

The PHP program shown above has only 3 lines. Line 1 & 3 are the start and end tags, line 2 is your functional code. In this case however, line 2 is a comment and will not perform any specific action other than to remind you of something. Comments are not processed by the interpreter. Once a comment is encountered, it is basically ignored.

Example 2:</p> <p>Line 1: <php line this is one comment another the last></php>

The code in example 1 behaves exactly as the code in example 2. Even though example 2 has 2 more lines. If you noticed, the additional lines in example 2 are only comments. Once again they are ignored by the PHP interpreter (PHP Engine).

If there is one comment or multiple comments, the interpreter will act the same way. It will ignore any comments that it finds.

Example 3:</p> <p>Line 1: <php line below this is a real php programming command echo first program></php>

In example 3 you will see your first functioning PHP program. The ‘echo’ command was added to this program, located on line 3. An ‘echo’ statement is a built in PHP command that will output whatever follows it to the screen. Anytime you want to output something using PHP to the screen, web browser, or visual display. Use the simple ‘echo’ command.

As you can see, the words ‘My First Real Program’ follows the ‘echo’ command. It is very important to enclose the words that you want ‘echoed’ on the screen inside single or double quotes. This way the echo command knows from what character to start with, and

what character to end with, as it generates the output to the screen.

When the echo command is called, it takes the contents inside the quotes, and sends it out to the screen – minus the quotes. So the output would be:

My First Real Program

Example 4:</p> <p>Line 1: <php line the next is first echo command are second how to last in php></php>

The output to this program would be:

You are learning how to program in PHP.

When you start programming, there is no limit to how many comments and commands you can enter in your program. Go ahead, try it yourself. As you get better you won’t need so many comments to remind you of what you are doing in your program.

Complex programs are made up of simple programs. Learning how to mix simple commands together, along with PHP start and end tags makes a fully functioning PHP program. As you are learning, a good suggestion is to add as many comments as you need to help remember what you are doing. Comments are like taking notes that you can refer back to. As you get better at programming, you will naturally enter less comments. The PHP ‘echo’ command outputs characters to the screen. Enclose all characters after an ‘echo’ command with single or double quotes.

Congratulations, you just wrote your first PHP program.

Paul Markovich is a Lead Technical Trainer.

He has been designing and building custom web sites for entrepreneurs since 1997. He’ll help you get the answers to your burning open source programming questions!

Looking For More PHP Programming Tips?

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It is hard to imagine many places a dog is happier than at a beach. Whether

running around on the sand, jumping in the water, digging a hole or just lying in the sun, every dog deserves a day at the beach. But all too often dog owners stopping at a sandy stretch of beach are met with signs designed to make hearts – human and canine alike – droop: NO DOGS ON BEACH. Below is a quick traveling tour of America’s beaches with each state ranked from the most dog-friendly (****) to the worst (*).

DOGS ON ATLANTIC OCEAN BEACHES (traveling North to South)

The rocky coast of Maine (***) is mesmerizing to look at but doesn’t leave much

room for sandy beaches. Dogs are generally banned from the beaches at the many

small state parks along the Maine coast, but dog owners will find more friendly

sands on the town beaches. Around Portland, the state’s biggest city, and the tourist

towns of the Southern Coast dogs are often allowed on the beach anytime Labor Day

to Memorial Day and in the mornings and evenings during the summer. The

spectacular Acadia National Park is one of America’s most dog-friendly national

parks but does not allow dogs on its beaches.

It is lucky for dog lovers that New Hampshire (*) has only 18 miles of coastline. State

beaches and parks don’t allow dogs on the sand at all. If you must stop in New

Hampshire, try the Grand Island Common in New Castle or Foss Beach in Rye during

the off-season from October to late May.

Around Boston, the beaches of the North Shore are off-limits to dogs during the

summer but other towns in Massachusetts (****) are more generous – dogs are

usually allowed year-round with restrictive hours in the summer. Cape Cod,

however, is the best destination for beach-loving dogs in New England. Cape Cod

National Seashore, America’s first national seashore, allows dogs on the beach

anytime outside the swimming areas (and not on the trails). The curviture of the

Cape limits sightlines down the beach and gives the park the impression of being

comprised of a series of dune-backed private coves. The two tourist islands off

southern Cape Cod, Nantucket and Martha’s Vineyard, are both extremely dog-

friendly – on Nantucket, dogs can even take the shuttle to the beach.

The beaches of Rhode Island (**) are kept dog-free during the summer but if you

take the ferry to Block Island, dogs can enjoy the black sand beaches throughout the

year. In Newport, you can take your dog on the fabled Cliff Walk (poop bags are

provided at the trailhead) through the backyards of America’s rich and famous. The

hike begins at Bailey’s Beach, which welcomes dogs from Labor Day to Memorial

Day.

The sandy beaches of Connecticut (*) are not known for being dog-friendly. But

many aren’t that friendly to people either, with restricted access being common. If

your dog is hankering to try the benign waves of the Long Island Sound, stop in

Groton. Dogs are not allowed to experience America’s most famous beach at

Coney Island in Brooklyn.

The further east you go out on Long Island the more dog-friendly New York (**)

becomes but whether on the north shore or south shore you can find a place to get

your dog to the sea. Dog owners must pass on the prime destinations at Jones

Beach and Fire Island National Seashore until reaching the Hamptons, where the tails

of surf-loving dogs will start wagging. Many towns in the Hamptons offer dog-

friendly sand and at Montauk, on the very tip of Long Island, several beaches allow

dogs year-round, including Gin Beach on the Block Island Sound. The wide, white-

sand beaches of the Jersey shore are some of America’s most popular and there isn’t

much space for a dog to squeeze into in the summertime.

Most of the beaches in New Jersey (***), including the Sandy Hook Unit of the

Gateway National Recreation Area, open to dogs in the off-season. Summertime

visitors should take their dogs to Island Beach State Park, one of the last

undeveloped stretches at the Jersey Shore. Pets are allowed on the non-recreational

beaches in this ten-mile oasis. Dogs will never get to trot down the historic wooden

planks of the Atlantic City boardwalk, however – no dogs are permitted on the

beach or boardwalk of the Grande Dame of America’s seaside resorts. Dogs are also

not allowed anywhere in the Victorian village of Cape May but dog lovers can travel

south of town to Sunset Beach, a sand strip at the southernmost point of the Jersey

shore that is actually on the Delaware Bay. In the water offshore of “Dog Beach” are

the remains of the Atlantis, a unique concrete ship built to transport soldiers in

World War I.

Off-season, the sandy beaches in Delaware (****) are a paradise for dogs. Two state

parks, Cape Henlopen and Delaware Seashore, both welcome dogs between October

1 and May 1. During the summer season dogs can also share the beach with their

owners on select stretches of sand in Delaware state parks. In Cape Henlopen, the

80-foot high Great Dune is the highest sand pile on the Atlantic shore between

Cape Cod and Cape Hatteras. The concrete observation towers standing as silent

sentinels along Delaware beaches were built to bolster America’s coastal defenses

during World War II. Summer vacationers can take dogs on the Dewey Beach town

beach in the mornings and evenings. Along the Delaware Bay just north of Cape

Henlopen you can find several beaches that offer frisky wave action and wide swaths

of sandy beach – and best of all there are no restrictions against dogs on the bay

beaches.

The Assateague Island National Seashore is the prime destination for dog owners

heading for the beach in Maryland (***). The undeveloped dunesland permits dogs

year-round on the beach and in the campgrounds (but not on the short nature

trails). Keep your dog alert for the wild ponies that live on the island. Its neighbor to

the north, Assateague State Park, often celebrated as one of the best state parks in

America, is off-limits to dogs. If you are not roughing it on your trip to the Maryland

seashore, nearby Ocean City allows dogs on the beach and boardwalk between

October 1 and May 1. Traveling along the Chesapeake Bay, dogs are banned from

the thin beaches in Maryland state parks. Exceptions are the small beach in the

former amusement park at North Point State Park and the beach north of the

causeway at Point Lookout State Park.

There is plenty to like for beach-loving dogs in Virginia (***). Canine romps on the

clean, wide sands of Virginia Beach’s “Strip,” the commercial oceanfront from 1st

Street to 40th Street, can’t begin until the day after Labor Day but during the

summer dogs are allowed on residential beaches above 41st Street before 10 a.m

and afer 6 p.m. Dogs can jump in the ocean anytime at Cape Henry on Fort Story,

where the Atlantic Ocean meets the Chesapeake Bay. Fort Story is an active military

base, the only installation devoted to coastal operations, but its uncrowded, pristine

beaches are open to the public and dogs. Just to the west is First Landing State Park,

where canine swimming is allowed on unguarded sandy beaches. Check for seasonal

restrictions against dogs in these places. Just off-shore are views of the Chesapeake

Bay Bridge-Tunnel, one of the seven modern engineering marvels of the world. Each

span of the 17.6-mile crossing utilizes more than 2,500 concrete piles to support

the trestles.

Except for designated wildlife areas, dogs are permitted on the beach year-round

virtually everywhere on the Outer Banks in North Carolina (****). Cape Hatteras

Natonal Seashore has only four swimming beaches (in season) on its entire 70 miles

of protected coastline which leaves plenty of open sand for the dog to roam.

Seafaring dogs can reach Ocracoke Island and Cape Lookout National Seashore by

ferry or private boat for many miles of more undeveloped, dog-friendly beaches.

The northern part of the barrier islands has been rapidly developing in the past

decade but where you can still find access to the beach, unleashed dogs are sill

allowed year-round in towns like Duck and Corolla. Mainland North Carolina

beaches on Cape Fear are almost as dog-friendly; most swimming beaches restrict

dogs only during the day in the summer.

South Carolina (****) ranks among the most dog-friendly beach states on the

Atlantic seaboard. Get away from the people and commercial beaches and there is

plenty of unrestricted sand for dogs in the Palmetto state. Most of the smaller towns

allow dogs on the beach under voice control and only Myrtle Beach (from 21st

Avenue North to 13th Avenue South) bans dogs completely. One of the best places

to take dogs here is Hunting Island State Park. More than one million visitors

(human) come here each year, 85 miles south of Charleston, to enjoy three miles of

unspoiled beach.

Georgia (**) doesn’t sport much coastline and many of the beaches on Georgia’s

barrier islands and the Golden Isles are under control of resorts and most welcome

dogs except during the middle of the day in summer. Cumberland Island National

Seashore permits dogs but is accessible only by private boat. Savannah’s beach at

Tybee Island is closed to dogs.

Florida (*) ranks among the most dog-unfriendly of states. Entire counties and

regions ban dogs from the beach. There are so many prohibitions already against

dogs on Florida beaches that when they change, it is typically in favor of dog

owners. For the Atlantic beaches, the northeast part of the state around Jacksonville

(Amelia Island) offers some of the best beaches for dogs in the state but heading

south below Daytona, dogs are almost universally banned from the sand. Jupiter, on

the Treasure Coast, is one place you can find a break from the ubiquitous NO DOGS

ON BEACH signs. Fort Lauderdale has thrown dog owners a tiny bone – they have

set up a 100-yard long Dog Beach (at Sunrise and A1A) on Saturdays and Sundays

only from 3:00 to 6:00 p.m.

DOGS ON GULF OF MEXICO BEACHES (traveling East to West)

The Gulf Coast beaches in Florida (*) offer precious little for dog owners. Dogs were

once associated as closely with the Florida Keys as conch shells but today you have

to look hard for a beach to take your dog. Anne’s Beach in Lower Matecumbe and

Sombrero Beach in Marathon are two safe places. In Key West the “Dog Beach” is at

Waddell and Vernon avenues but there is really just enough sand to accomodate one

good beach blanket and the little amount of swimming available is treacherous over

coral outcroppings. On the Suncoast, seek out Bonita Beach Dog Park north of

Naples, the excellent Fort DeSoto Dog Beach and Park in St. Petersburg and the Dog

Beach on Honeymoon Island in the Dunedin area. Head for Franklin County, though,

where dogs are allowed on all the public beaches – and the only county in Florida to

allow dogs to run free. On the Florida Panhandle the Gulf Islands National Seashore

is the only national seashore that bans dogs completely. It is the same story in town

after town on the Gulf of Mexico across Florida. Near Panama City, dogs can reach

the water on Carrabelle Beach and Bruce Beach. At Saint Andrews State Beach, a past

winner of “The Best Beach In America,” dogs can hike the sandy nature trails and run

on the beach of the Grand Lagoon. It isn’t actually the Gulf of Mexico or the Best

Beach In America, but you can them from here.

For dog owners, Alabama (*) may as well not even have the few beaches it does on

the Gulf of Mexico.

In Mississippi (**) dog owners need to stay on the western coast in Hancock County;

dogs aren’t allowed around the populated Biloxi beaches.

People don’t seek out Louisiana (*) for its sandy beaches; most of the coastline is

made up of bayous. Grand Isle State Park is the only state park with access to the

Gulf of Mexico and dogs are allowed in non-swimming areas here.

In Texas (***), Padre Island is America’s longest barrier island and there is plenty of

room for dogs on its 113 miles of sand. At Padre Island National Seashore dogs are

allowed anywhere except on the deck at Malaquite Beach and in front of the Visitor

Center at the Swimming Beach. Galveston Island serves up another 32 miles of

mostly dog-friendly beach.

DOGS ON PACIFIC OCEAN BEACHES (traveling North to South)

Dogs on leash are allowed in all Washington (***) state parks, often on the beach,

but not in many swimming areas around Puget Sound. No dogs are allowed on

beaches in the city of Seattle. The uncrowded Pacific Coast beaches are some of the

dog-friendliest in America – even Olympic National Park, which bans dogs from

almost all of its 632,324 acres, opens some of its remote coastal beaches to dogs.

Dogs are allowed on almost all beaches on the Washington coast as long as they

remain out of the active swimming areas.

All of the beaches in Oregon (****) are public. You can step on every grain of

Oregon sand for 400 miles and, in the rare exception of a ban due to nesting birds,

your dog can be with you all the way. One beach dog owners won’t want to miss is

the Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area with its 40 miles of sandy shore. These

are the biggest dunes in the United States – as tall as 500 feet and reaching two and

one-half miles inland at their widest point.

Northern California (****) would get plenty of votes from beach-loving dogs for

having the best beaches in America. Only a beach here and there restricts dogs from

its sand on the North Coast. Even in the highly populated areas, concessions are

made for dog owners. In Marin County a “Dog Beach” has been set aside on the

north end of Stinson Beach and many towns allow dogs on the beach under voice

control. San Francisco ranks among the dog-friendliest of beach cities. Take your

dog to the Golden Gate National Recreation Area and have your pick of several

designated dog-friendly beach areas. At Baker Beach, dogs are allowed to romp off-

leash. Further down the coast, dog owners will want to visit the Monterey Peninsula.

Dogs are welcome to run on the Carmel City Beach and can slip into the water near

Monterey and Pacific Grove as well. At Big Sur dogs can enjoy one of the prettiest

secluded beaches on the coast a Pfeiffer Beach. Skip Santa Cruz and there are plenty

of opportunites to get your dog on the sand in California’s Central Coast, especially

on unnamed beaches.

Heading south on the California coast the water warms up and beach restrictions on

dogs increase accordingly. There is still sand time for dogs in Oxnard and Ventura

but things are getting bleak as dog owners reach Santa Barbara. In Los Angeles

County the beaches are for people. In Southern California (**), San Diego is the place

for sand-loving dogs. Several popular beaches have set aside “dog beaches” that

attract hundreds of dogs. Every day is a beach day for dogs in San Diego.

DOGS ON GREAT LAKES BEACHES (traveling West to East)

Possessing the largest surface area of any freshwater lake in the world, there is

enough water in Lake Superior (**) to easily fill the other four Great Lakes to

overflowing. Lake Superior is known for its cold water and rugged shoreline but

there are some sandy beaches scattered across its 300 or so miles of southern

shores. Other beaches are more of the cobble variety. Most of the shoreline is

sparsely populated which bodes well for finding a dog-friendly beach. In Michigan,

the Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore allows dogs on the beach from Twelvemile

Beach Campground to Au Sable Lighthouse and at Munising, dogs can dig in the

sand at Miners Beach. At Sand Point, dogs can play on the beach until the trail

begins to climb the cliffs. In Wisconsin, dogs are allowed on the beach in Ashland

and in Minnesota, dogs can swim in Lake Superior at Duluth’s Park Point Beach.

Dogs will have to admire the spectacular dunes and sandy beaches of the eastern

shore of Lake Michigan (**) mostly from the car as dogs are not allowed on Michigan

state beaches and most county and town beaches. In-season, the metropolises of

Indiana, Illinois and Wisconsin are even more restrictive. Chicago has recently gotten

its first official dog beach at Montrose Avenue. Belmont Beach is not an official

Chicago beach so dogs are allowed on this small patch of sand in a fenced area. In

nearby Evanston licensed and vaccinated dogs are allowed on Dog Beach but a

beach token is required for non-residents from May to October which costs $80 to

$100. Your best bets to dip into Lake Michigan, the only Great Lake totally within

the United States, are the national lakeshores and the state parks of Wisconsin’s

Door County. At the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore dogs are restricted to the

easternmost beaches at Mt. Baldy and Central Avenue until October when all

beaches open to our four-legged friends. In the Sleeping Bear Dunes National

Lakeshore, dogs can swim in the waves of Lake Michigan backed by some of

America’s larges dunes on all beaches except Platte Point Beach, the D.H. Day

Campground Beach and the Manitou Islands. Dogs also cannot make the Dune

Climb up hundreds of feet of sand.

Lake Huron (*) features 3,827 miles of shoreline, characterized by shallow water and

many sandy beaches. None of this will matter much to your dog, however, since the

Lake Huron beaches in Michigan are mostly closed to him. Alpena is a rare

exception. Dogs are allowed on the resort destination of Macinac Island, however.

Although its shores are the most densely populated of any of the Great Lakes, there

is plenty of opportunity for a dog to explore Lake Erie (***). The smallest of the five

lakes, Erie waters average only about 62 feet in depth and warm rapidly in the

summer for happy dog paddling. Ohio, especially around Cleveland, is the most

restrictive of the Lake Erie states. Try some of the smaller town beaches in Ohio and New York, most of which permit dogs outside of designated swimming areas. Some

of the best Lake Erie beachfront is in Presque Isle State Park, the most-visited state

park in Pennsylvania. Your dog can can hike the sandytrails past the swimming

beaches and enjoy the waves on the long, unsupervised sretches on the northern

end of the peninsula.

Not many people have settled most of the hundreds of miles of shoreline of the

south side of Lake Ontario (*) in New York. There aren’t many beaches and not many

bans on dogs – as long as they don’t try to swim with the humans.

Copyright 2006

I am the author of over 20 books, including 8 on hiking with your dog and the widely praised The Canine Hiker’s Bible. As publisher of Cruden Bay Books, we produce the innovative A Bark In The Park series of canine hiking books found at http://www.hikewithyourdog.com. During the warm months I lead canine hikes as tour leader for hikewithyourdog.com tours, leading packs of dogs and humans on hiking adventures. Tours, ranging from one-day trips to multi-day explorations, visit parks, historical sites and beaches. My lead dog is Katie, a German Shepherd- Border Collie mix, who has hiked in all of the Lower 48 states and is on a quest to swim in all the great waters of North America – [http://web.mac.com/crudbay/iWeb/Katies%20Blog/Katies%20Quest.html]. I am currently building a hikewithyourdog.com tours trailer to use on our expeditions and its progress can be viewed at [http://web.mac.com/crudbay/iWeb/Teardrop%20Trailer/Building%20A%20Tour%20Trailer.html].

Health insurance lead generation systems provide a stead stream of potential clients for health insurance brokers. Health insurance leads are considered to be people who may need health coverage to supplement the health coverage provided by their employer. A health insurance lead can also be someone who is self-employed and needs to obtain coverage for themselves or their entire family. Health insurance brokers rely on health insurance leads systems to supply them with enough potential clients to keep their business going. There are a large number of people who either need additional coverage or are in business for themselves and need an individual or family health insurance plan.

Health insurance lead services are available at a reasonable cost to health insurance brokers. Typically, health insurance leads companies will charge an annual or monthly fee for the leads and account maintenance. When considering a health insurance lead system, it is best to look for one that offers an unlimited amount of leads for one low monthly fee. Some companies that provide health insurance leads charge a per-lead fee. Make sure the leads are guaranteed for you money back or at least a guarantee that the company will replace them free of additional charges.

The way it works is through referral systems. The qualified health insurance lead fills out a form on the health insurance leads provider’s website. Upon receipt of the form, the lead service emails the health insurance agent the information submitted by the health insurance lead. The health insurance agent then contacts the health insurance lead via email or phone and provides them with a quote on the type of health insurance coverage they are looking for. In order to obtain the most qualified health insurance leads, health insurance brokers can give the leads service company specific information about the types of coverage offered.

Many health insurance lead generation systems come with automated email follow-ups. It is important for the insurance agent to contact the health insurance leads as soon as possible. Some of the health insurance leads are provided to more than one insurance agent. With the cost of health care constantly rising, the health insurance industry is very competitive and timing could make the difference between success and failure. With a consistent health insurance lead generation system and quick follow-ups, a steady stream of high quality leads will continue to come in. This could give you a huge advantage over the competition.

For more information, visit:
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The following article includes pertinent information that may cause you to reconsider what you thought you understood about the relationship between satellite television and Internet television. However, the most important thing is to read with an open mind and be willing to revise your understanding if necessary.

What Is Satellite Television?

Satellite television refers to television service beamed to subscribers via orbiting communications satellites high above earth from a distance of between – 22, 000 to 37, 000 miles making it possible for television programs to reach wider areas than was possible with either the traditional terrestrial or cable television which out reach was hampered by earth’s curvature and distance.

When Was The First Satellite Television Aired?

It was in 1962 that the very first television signal was up linked from Europe on to the Telstra satellite and beamed over North America. Anik1 was the first domestic North American satellite launched in 1973 in Canada.

How Does Satellite Television Work?

Well, without going technical, it will interest you to note that the television signals you receive from communications satellites are really first sent up from ground stations via very big (9 – 12 meters) dishes to an orbiting satellite that in turn beams the signals down to earth and on to your receiver’s parabolic dish’s focal point and a LNB or low noise blocker component converts ands send the signals to your decoder box where the final conversion is done to the signals so that it becomes the sound and pictures you watch.

There are also different brands of mobile none parabolic dish receivers for use in vehicles and other mobile platforms. In this case satellite television signals are received with a satellite antenna and directed through a satellite decoder box and an oscillator converts it to L-band range of frequencies that an on-board electronics finally converts to the standard frequency usable by normal television sets.

What Is A TVRO?

Television Receive Only or TVRO is the forerunner of satellite television viewing at home. The very big dish size, about 3 – 6 feet, required to run C-Band frequencies of about four G Hertz meant that not most people could own it due to the very exorbitant cost of installing one, and the space for installation.

One other hassle with TVRO is that the big dish has to be moveable to keep track of more satellite, because C-Band satellites carry less channels than KU-band satellites. This dish movement, however makes it possible to receive free channels and feeds or even unedited C-Band news material being sent to headquarters by field correspondence or a news crew, they are usually not scrambled.

What Is Direct Broadcast Satellite Or DBS And What Makes It Better Than TVRO?

Once you begin to move beyond basic background information, you begin to realize that there’s more to the future of satellite TV vis a vis Internet television software than you may have first thought.

DBS is satellite TV broadcast thorough Ku-Band satellites that work on higher frequencies with stronger signals than C-Band or TVRO, which makes it possible for you to install smaller dishes for receiving their signals.

People who live high up on apartment buildings favor the DBS since installing an 18 inches dish up there is possible. Another advantage of the DBS over TVRO is that the dish is stationary needing no maintenance plus, the installation is free in most cases.

This is made possible because DBS television satellites are usually in geosynchronous orbit that is stationary in the sky relative to the Earth, because each satellite is launched into space at around 7,000 mph to settle at around 22,200 miles above the Earth.

With this speed and height, the satellite revolves around the earth once every 24 hours in juxtaposition with Earth’s own rotation. This is what makes it possible for your 18 inches dish to remain in a fixed position with the satellite without requiring adjustment.

What is Internet Television and Is It Better than Direct Broadcast Satellite?

Internet television as the name implies refers to Television programs streamed onto a PC or Laptop through the Internet. There are different types of Internet television services. Some of them are recorded rebroadcasts while others are live broadcasts made possible with ingenious software. You can connect to thousands of satellite television services simultaneously. A wide range of viewing choices – unlimited TV shows, Movies, Sports, Soaps and more.

You don’t need any hardware such as decoder, wire, dish or antenna making. You can watch your favorite programs, even outdoors, from all over the world, so long as you have internet connection. Internet television is just a hassle free way of watching a lot more numbers of satellite TV programs and channels free of monthly satellite television subscription fees.

What Is The Future Of Satellite TV Vis A Vis Internet Television?

What would be the future of Satellite Television depends on several factors: For instance, even before the advent of Internet television satellite television companies did not depend on subscription fees for their survival.

Advertising pays a big chunk of the bill for you to watch satellite television even at the present rate you might consider very exorbitant

License fees are another way through which satellite television services are sustained. For instance, If you are in the UK and you have equipment that is capable of receiving TV signals then the law states you must pay for a TV license.

Today, there already exist broadcasters who use only advertising to pay for their service and so allow viewers free viewing of their programs, so in my opinion watching satellite television programs free on your PC or Laptop will not kill satellite television, rather Internet television will increase the number of viewers for satellite television services and lead to more and better priced advertising charges.

Of course, it’s impossible to put everything about the future of satellite TV vis a vis Internet television software into just one article. But you can’t deny that you’ve just added to your understanding about the future of satellite TV vis a vis Internet television software, and that’s time well spent.

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Fly fishing is very different than fishing with a lure or worm type baits. The fly fisherman uses a artificial fly consisting of bites of feathers, foam, hide, fur, yarn, and other materials to be tried on to a hook that make it appealing to the type of fish you are catching.

Every fly fisherman has his own type of flies he like to use some purchase them and then some of us like to tie our own. Fly tying is more of an art with basic training which most people can learn over a short period of time.

Dry fly fishing is the best classic form of fishing. The artificial fly is cast so that it floats on the surface of the water. As the fly passes over the fish it will rise to the surface and strike or take the fly.

With the fly rod you will attempt to stop the fish from spitting out the fly and get it tired enough so you can land it in your net. With fly fishing you will see all the action as you cast the fly and play the fish for a strike. The fly is very visible on the surface to the fish. You will see the fish take the fly on the surface however trout and other fish tend to feed under water so if you see the fish rising to the surface it is time to use a dry fly.

Wet flies will sink under the surface of the water an may be passed in front of the fish there bye causing the fish too strike at the fly,

Nymph fishing is very popular after the flies lay eggs on lakes or in streams and they hatch out as nymphs. As the nymphs make their way to the surface the fish will take them. When they get to the surface they will hatch into a flies.

When nymph fishing the imitation nymphs you us will be weighted to stay below the surface of the water. This will be far more of a challenge for you as the action all take place under the surface of the water and you will not be able to see if a fish is about to strike.

Most fish can be caught on a fly but the most common are trout, salmon, chars, and most game fish. In most areas the trout are the most popular and you will find them feeding mostly on small insects in shallow water. If you live on the coast you find salmon fishing with a fly rod a very rewarding challenge. Hooking a 30 or 40 pound salmon on a fly rod will give you a work out running up and down the beach trying to play the fish out to land it .

The fly fishing sport has gained ever increasing popularity over the years. Most will agree it just not about catching the fish but in the delivery of the fly and the skill and knowledge in the pursuit.

Some fly fisherman regard fly fishing as the holy grail of fishing. It is more relaxing and some say a better past time than golf. The sport of fly fishing see people from all walks of life. Some say it is more environmentally friends than the other type of fishing because it does less harm to the fish then other styles of fishing.

The art of fly fishing will get in to your blood and you will peruse the quite of the streams or the solitude of the ocean beaches to capture you prey. Most anglers will catch and release if they are fly fishing.

Sammy Salmon has been having fun fishing for years and wants to share all his knowledge with you so be sure to visit him at Fishing-For-Fun [http://www.fishing-for-fun.net/]

Why Use Resume Objectives

Before we can discuss the pitfalls you first need to understand the reasons for including your resume objectives and how they relate to your resume and interview selection process.

Including an objectives section at the beginning of your resume provides a brief introduction to the purpose of the resume, highlighting your career objectives and the type of job you are seeking.

It is very common for job-seekers to include a brief objectives section at the beginning of their resume The objectives section can be an important part of a resume, and might be the first thing employers looks at. Therefore you should put considerable thought into constructing focused and clear objectives.

Look At These Resume Objective Examples

A resume objective does exactly what the name suggests; it highlights your objectives and states the type of job you are seeking.

Here are some examples of career objectives:

· To obtain an elementary education teaching position with upward mobility to a principalship.

· To obtain a position in manufacturing operations and development which will utilize acquired knowledge and collective experience.

· Public relations writer for a large metropolitan hospital.

· Auditor position in the public accounting field in the Philadelphia area.

As you can see, the objectives are short and sweet; meaning they are to the point in describing the purpose of creating your resume.

Doorway To The Interview… Resumes

What is a resume… usually it is the first contact you have with potential employers. It is also where you list your skills and create a marketable presentation so that companies understand the benefits of employing you.

Your resume is also the first (and possibly the last!) opportunity you have to persuade your prospective employer to give you an interview.

Clearly… it is in your best interests to ensure your resume is compelling enough to leave the recruiter with no other option but to invite you to an interview.

If you want to learn more about writing resumes that get interviews, visit a site such as Top Career Resumes where you will find numerous articles and tips.

Or, if you prefer… a cost effective alternative is to use a resume writing service to prepare your resume for you.

Pitfalls of Using Resume Objectives

You may have noticed that all previous references to objectives focus on you and therein lies the pitfall!

Employers are not interested in what you want…

If your objectives fail to match those of the employer, you will not even get to first base! So keep your options open until you find out more about their objectives.

Some people decide to omit the objectives section and use that space to highlight other abilities and accomplishments. Whether you choose to use resume objectives or not will depend greatly on your particular situation.

Reasons Against…

A few experts feel that the resume objectives section can be limiting to job seekers. It makes you be very specific as to your goals. This may be constraining if you want to be general and leave your options open.

Employers on average take only 30 seconds to look at a resume. The objectives section is the first thing that catches their eye. If you have a specific objective written, for example to obtain a managerial position, the manager may pass on your resume if he was looking for some other position.

If you are thinking about getting a professionally written resume, now would be a good time.

However, remember that the objectives section can disqualify you for jobs different from your stated objective… if you are not looking for a targeted job you can skip the section without many negative consequences.

It would be advisable to skip the resume objective section rather than be too vague. Unfocused objectives will put off many hiring managers. They may not end up looking at your experience and skills, which would of shown you to be a suitable candidate for the job.

Reasons For…

If you do include your resume objectives, you should construct several different resumes, each specifically tailored to the job you are applying for. You will want to make your resume relevant to each job. The objectives section may be the best way to create job specific resumes.

A draw back of not including the objectives section is that a hiring manager may not be willing to search your resume to figure out your job objectives and goals… and may bypass your resume.

If you have a specific job position in mind and are clear about your objectives, this section can be useful in informing potential employers about your reasons for applying.

In either case, it may pay you to seek professional advice before you make your final decision. The modest cost of doing this pales into insignificance compared with the cost of making a poor career decision.

Stating Your Resume Objectives

This has greatest benefits for career changers and recent college graduates. Your objectives should be concise and to the point, to quickly inform employers about your background and goals.

Entry-level workers can state in their resume objectives that they are recent graduates looking for positions in their particular field. Career changers should state how they can use their previously earned skills to make a transition into their new career.

Be Employer Focused

An alternative to resume objectives might be the ‘Qualifications Summary’ section. This is a section where you can briefly discuss your skills and how you intend to use them.

This can make your resume more employer focused, as the employer wants to find out what you can do for them. This might be more beneficial than having a self-focused resume, simply listing what you want to do.

Many employers prefer to have employees that are focused on their goals and motivated to achieving them. A well presented objective can be just the high-impact tool that can get a hiring manager’s attention from the start.

Finally…

When writing your resume objectives you have to consider your career plans. If you have not already done so, now would be a good time to get assistance with career assessment and planning.

When you have completed your planning and taken some time to match your interests with your chosen career, your resume objectives should complement the results you obtained through your searches.

Do you know how to use resume objective samples when writing your resume? Learn more about resume objectives by visiting my site at http://rogers-resume-help-center.com/resume-objectives.html

In my article Establishing Credibility and Trust with Testimonials, I addressed the importance of offering proof to your prospects and how testimonials are one of the most powerful tools you can implement in your arsenal of marketing.

In that article, I discussed the value of testimonials from satisfied customers, probably the most credible and effective type of testimonial because nothing beats a testimonial from a satisfied customer.

I would now like to focus on another very powerful form of testimonials: celebrity endorsements.

In America, traditionally major celebrities have been reluctant to appear in widespread advertising campaigns on the assumption that it might tarnish their reputation professionally. In Asia, however, where I have extensive experience in the advertising industry, it is much more common to see famous actors in commercial advertisements.

In China, for example, celebrity endorsements have proven very successful where, due to increasing consumerism, it is considered a status symbol to purchase an endorsed product or service. In my former advertising agency, we often used top Hong Kong celebrities to great advantage promoting products in China.

However it is Japan, where Japanese advertising budgets are typically much more extravagant than American budgets when it comes to celebrity talent that has attracted many major American celebrities with lucrative endorsement deals together with a much lower risk of negative publicity.

I can remember very well traveling to Japan often in the 1980’s and 1990’s seeing many of Hollywood’s A-list actors secretly providing product endorsements in the Land of the Rising Sun. For decades, the likes of Arnold Schwarzenegger, Sylvester Stallone, Harrison Ford and even earlier Steve McQueen, have accepted lucrative Japanese advertising endorsement deals in exchange for many millions, all without tarnishing their reputations at home.

The major benefits of celebrity endorsements are:

Celebrities add instant credibility: Consciously or unconsciously, the consumer believes that if a celebrity is using this product, service or brand, the company who makes it must be quality.

Celebrities grab attention: Having a celebrity endorse a product, service or brand creates attention. Consumers are more apt to watch an ad if it has a celebrity.

Celebrities provide superior market presence: It is usually easier to get a product in stores and more prominently displayed because retailers have preferences for celebrity endorsed products.

Celebrities lead to enhanced media exposure: The media recognizes the publics’ strong interest in celebrities and it’s much easier to get free publicity if products are used by celebrities. Customers are more apt to participate in events when a celebrity involved.

However, before any company signs on a celebrity to promote their product or service, they should very carefully consider the following:

The celebrity’s attractiveness: Generally an attractive endorser will have a positive impact. The celebrity should be attractive to the target audience in such aspects as physical appearance, intelligence, athleticism, lifestyle, etc.

The celebrity’s credibility: For any brand-celebrity collaboration to be successful, the endorser’s personal credibility and believability in terms of perceived expertise and trustworthiness is crucial and greatly influences acceptance with consumers. Furthermore, celebrity endorsements only work when the consumer has a credible belief that the celebrity would really be interested in buying and using your product or service despite being paid to do so. If not, you are probably wasting your money on the endorsement.

The celebrity’s and the brand’s compatibility: The success of the brand-celebrity collaboration depends significantly on the compatibility between the brand and the celebrity in terms of lifestyle, identity, personality, and positioning. The best endorsement deals manage to equate the product with the appeal of the celebrity. One of the best and most successful examples is Air Jordan with the collaboration between Michael Jordan and Nike

One final point: Never forget that a celebrity is not a replacement for a good product, service or idea.

About the Author:

Joe McAleer is a seasoned marketing and communications professional having worked in executive roles with Bank of America, Encore Marketing International and was a Founder and President of Storm Communications. He is also a co-author of The Real World Marketer, a business coaching program aimed at small business owners, entrepreneurs and online marketers.

Obtain additional marketing tips, techniques, and strategies on building a successful business online and offline with The Real World Marketer FREE eBook and Special Report by visiting http://www.wealthtraders.com/free/ten/index.php

The sheer excitement of having a baby prompts everyone to spend lavishly on baby clothes for the new arrival but the fun is short lived as even the costliest of clothes become small for the fast-growing baby in a few months’ time. The baby might have worn these expensive clothes only a few times before it outgrows them and then it’s time for shopping for baby clothes again. Most people cannot afford to spend repeatedly every few months for buying baby clothes. It’s important that you plan out this aspect of buying baby clothes so that you do not waste money and your baby gets the best of clothes. A few useful tips are given below:

Avoid Buying Tight-Fitting Clothes

Since you know that babies grow very fast, you should not buy perfect fitting baby clothes as these will become unsuitable for the baby in a very short time. The best thing to do is to buy larger sized baby clothes as you will be able to use them for a longer period of time.

Buy Easy To Wear Baby Clothes

You can make your life easier if you buy baby clothes that are easy to wear. You won’t have to struggle when you try to put the clothes on your baby and there will be less wear and tear also. Moreover, you should avoid shopping for baby clothes that are in several pieces and need to be buttoned from behind or pulled over the head. You should opt for baby clothes that are made in a single piece and are open from the front and have snap buttons or zippers. This will make life much easier for mothers who might just have recovered from pregnancy complications.

Look Out For Clearance Racks And Genuine Sales

A great way of saving money when you are buying baby clothes is to look out for clearance racks where you can get some great deals with cheap maternity clothes. Sometimes, you can get a huge discount on the prices of baby clothes merely because of a very minor manufacturing problem that just doesn’t matter at all. Moreover, you should wait for the mega sales that are a regular feature at most stores and this is where you can pick up some fantastic deals.

Disposing Off Old Clothes For Cash

Sometimes it is possible to exchange the old clothes of your baby for cash but the amount of money that you will receive will be miniscule. However, something is always better than nothing.

Accepting Old Clothes from Others

There is no harm in accepting old clothes from friends and relatives. Mostly these clothes are in good shape, having been used very scarcely since the child might not have gotten the opportunity to wear them. There is no shame involved in accepting well-meant presents from others and you can save a lot of money in the bargain. As it is, even your baby might outgrow these clothes very soon.

There is no doubt that everyone wants that his/her baby to appear smart in the latest baby clothes and it is essential that you should also work towards that objective. However, it must be remembered that baby clothes need not be expensive in order to look smart and attractive. It’s the way you maintain your baby and her clothes that really matters.

Baby clothes are an important part of your pregnancy checklist. Shopping for baby clothes would fill you with fun and joy. When you are buying baby clothes, you will forget about the problems related to pregnancy and discomforts of pregnancy complications. However, you should not be swayed and spend too much on baby clothes. Search for bargains and try to get cheap baby clothes from discount stores. If you are throwing a baby shower, you will get many baby clothes as baby gifts.

Pregnancy Website provides more information about baby clothes, baby gifts and other issues related to pregnancy and childbirth.

KidKraft is honored to be known as a leading creator, manufacturer and distributor of childrens furniture and toys. Established in 1968, KidKraft has been a proven pioneer in the industry for 40 years. KidKraft Takes this role of leadership seriously and they have a great deal of appreciation for their wonderful customers who continue to select their fine products.

KidKraft was founded by engineers,the integrity of their designs is apparent beyond what the eye can see, resulting in low product returns and high customer satisfaction. Thanks to KidKraft’s exceptional leadership and an uncompromising commitment to quality, they lead and exceed in the world of wooden toys and furniture. I invite you to experience their products!

The time that goes into each piece of furniture starting from the design to the finished product is what makes KidKraft Products so special. It’s like each item was designed just for your kid, from a simple chair to a bed shaped like a boat, there is always something that fits your kids needs. They stand behind their products which is why they are the number one company in furniture for children. The company itself realizes that children are the ones who interact with their products; therefore every product must be safe.

The fact that KidKraft specializes in children’s furniture should make you comfortable with them. Everything they do is to make your child’s life easier the number of different products they manufacture very from simple chairs and tables to fun rockers and beds shaped to be fun and inspiring. Our goal is to inspire children with the power of their imagination through unique and creative heirloom-quality wooden toys and room furnishings. The fun toys and furnishings create an active imagination that will take your child on a fun filled ride each and every day. Knowing that the people and things surrounding your child impact them the most is why KidKraft designs their products they way the do making them perfect for each and every child.

Jason Quick is an expert in KidKraft children’s furniture.